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␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε↔85␈↓ 
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␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αdThe␈α→second␈α→phrase␈α→including␈α→alternating␈α~progressions␈α→is
␈↓ α∧␈↓more␈α∂difficult.␈α∂ At␈α∂measure␈α⊂25␈α∂the␈α∂b␈↓βFA␈↓␈α∂eventually␈α⊂assumes␈α∂three
␈↓ α∧␈↓important␈α⊗functions.␈α∃ One␈α⊗of␈α⊗these,␈α∃II␈α⊗of␈α∃A␈↓βF␈↓,␈α⊗does␈α⊗not␈α∃become
␈↓ α∧␈↓apparent␈α⊃until␈α⊂bar␈α⊃27,␈α⊂however.␈α⊃ The␈α⊂E␈↓βF7␈↓␈α⊃chord␈α⊂of␈α⊃measures␈α⊂27
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈α28␈α
might␈αhave␈α
been␈αlisted␈α
only␈αas␈α
the␈αG6␈α
function␈αof␈α
␈↓&g␈↓)αβ,␈αsince
␈↓ α∧␈↓there␈α#are␈α$no␈α#other␈α#chords␈α$following␈α#which␈α$bear␈α#direct
␈↓ α∧␈↓relationship␈α⊃to␈α⊃it.␈α⊃ The␈α⊃earlier␈α⊃b␈↓βFA␈↓␈α⊃chord␈α⊃does␈α⊃form,␈α⊃however,␈α⊂a
␈↓ α∧␈↓conventional␈α∞preparation␈α∂for␈α∞the␈α∂function␈α∞of␈α∂E␈↓βF␈↓␈α∞as␈α∂the␈α∞dominant
␈↓ α∧␈↓of␈α
␈↓&A␈↓βF␈↓␈↓)αβ.␈α
 Thus,␈α
these␈α
two␈α
functions␈αof␈α
the␈α
E␈↓βF7␈↓␈α
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be␈αshown␈α
in
␈↓ α∧␈↓alternation with the G6 of ␈↓&b␈↓βF␈↓␈↓)αβ.
␈↓"β
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Figure 77d
␈↓"β
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ βI␈↓¬⊂⊗⊃L[%0.03,%-3.5]:N77FD.PLT[HHA,LCS]⊂⊗⊃␈↓
















␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αdIt␈α⊗may␈α⊗be␈α⊗noticed␈α⊗that␈α⊗after␈α⊗the␈α⊗first␈α⊗few␈α⊗bars␈α⊗in␈α∃this
␈↓ α∧␈↓Beethoven␈α⊃variation,␈α⊂very␈α⊃few␈α⊂␈↓↓simple␈↓␈α⊃tonic␈α⊂functions␈α⊃(i.e.,␈α⊂not
␈↓ α∧␈↓substitutes␈α⊂for␈α∂tonics)␈α⊂are␈α∂heard.␈α⊂ Only␈α∂the␈α⊂tonics␈α∂at␈α⊂bars␈α∂15-16
␈↓ α∧␈↓and␈α
at␈α
the␈α
end␈α
are␈α
decisive.␈α
 In␈α
the␈α
last␈α
12␈α
bars,␈α
even␈α
most␈α
of␈α
the
␈↓ α∧␈↓dominant␈αfunctions␈αare␈αpresented␈αby␈αsubstitutes.␈α It␈αwill␈αbe␈αfound
␈↓ α∧␈↓that␈α⊗most␈α⊗of␈α↔the␈α⊗harmonic␈α⊗vagueness␈α↔of␈α⊗later␈α⊗tonal␈α↔music␈α⊗is
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ ε↔86␈↓ 
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␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓attributable␈α≠to␈α≤a␈α≠low␈α≠percentage␈α≤of␈α≠␈↓↓simple␈↓␈α≠tonic␈α≤(or␈α≠even
␈↓ α∧␈↓dominant)␈α∀functions␈α∃within␈α∀rapidly␈α∀changing␈α∃temporary␈α∀tonic
␈↓ α∧␈↓areas.

␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αdDespite␈α≤the␈α≤complications,␈α≠our␈α≤analysis␈α≤will␈α≤show␈α≠the
␈↓ α∧␈↓simplicity␈α⊃of␈α⊃the␈α⊃largest␈α⊃harmonic␈α⊃design␈α⊃in␈α⊃this␈α⊃variation.␈α⊃ All
␈↓ α∧␈↓the␈αalternating␈αprogressions,␈αsubstitute␈αfunctions,␈αand␈αwhat␈αhave
␈↓ α∧␈↓you,␈α≠serve␈α≠only␈α≠as␈α~very␈α≠special␈α≠elaboration␈α≠of␈α≠the␈α~various
␈↓ α∧␈↓temporary␈α∂tonics,␈α⊂which␈α∂in␈α⊂turn␈α∂contribute␈α⊂to␈α∂the␈α⊂definition␈α∂of
␈↓ α∧␈↓the control tonics ␈↓&I␈↓)αβ ␈↓&V␈↓)αβ ␈↓&I␈↓)αβ ␈↓&iv␈↓)αβ ␈↓&I␈↓)αβ.
␈↓"β
␈↓"β␈↓ α∧␈↓Figure 77e.  The complete variation.
␈↓"β